For example, I own a Chromebook along with my daily use computer which runs Linux. Since you seem to have multiple devices though, you could isolate the Chromebook to be mainly used for specific tasks.

You could try to install Linux onto your Chromebook (non-Chrome web browsers tend to run well when you're running a Linux distro on the chromebook). I hate to pile on, but Chrome OS is not for you if you want to avoid using the Chrome web browser. There is no harm in downloading your preferred browser (especially if it is the Linux version of that browser) and see if it works for you. Good thing these devices start out so cheap.

The Chrome browser generally makes a good alternative to the poorly running app (Facebook and Messenger in particular ran like garbage on my Lenovo Duet) but when you remove that option, you may truly not have a way to access an app. A lot of Android apps don't run well on them. The problem you will run into is that if you turn your focus away from Chrome, you will be treating your device more like an Android device and Chrome OS is kind of garbage at being an Android device. A little jank gives a piece of technology charm. I almost prefer things that don't work perfectly. I should add, I am also not very picky consumer. I did play a little bit with my primary browser, Vivaldi today and it has been running fine, except for with Facebook and Messenger where it clearly can barely keep up with the desktop site (then again, Chrome wasn't doing too hot either). I haven't played around with doing that myself because Chrome does seem to work better and I trust the opinions of those on this board who wouldn't seriously consider such a thing. In theory, with the death of flash, I am not sure what a desktop browser offers that a mobile browser wouldn't. If you want to play around with an alternative browsers, you can get the Andorid versions. I won't be using Chrome on any of my devices except my Chromebook. The correct answer is 'Why did you buy a Chromebook?'

Chrome teamviewer alternative